RETURN TO TABLE OF CONTENTS

VII. REFERENCES

A. GLOSSARY OF SIGNIFICANT TERMS

1% Flood	Refers to a flood of a magnitude that has an estimated probability of 1 in 100 of occurring in any given year. Technically more precise way of referring to the "100-year flood". Generally, 1%, 2%, 10% events refer to levels of flood flows with an expected recurrence of 100, 50, and 10 years respectively.
100-Year Flood	Flood of a magnitude with an expected recurrence of once in 100 years. Synonymous with 1% flood.
Aggradation	Process of a channel raising its elevation through deposition of sediments. A type of fluvial geomorphic instability; see Degradation.
Adaptive Management	A dynamic process that recognizes that the future cannot be perfectly predicted. In response to imperfect predictions, planning and management strategies are modified as better information becomes available. It is a continuous improvement process whereby monitoring and analysis of the results of past actions are fed back into the current decision-making process.
Anadromous	A term used to describe the movement of certain fishes from saltwater to freshwater to breed, and from freshwater to saltwater to grow and mature.
Annual Work Plan	The stream maintenance work identified that forms the basis of the annual budget. Specific information, such as location and size of sediment removal, vegetation management and erosion repair, is provided in the Annual Work Plan.
Appurtenant Structures	Accessory structures such as storm outfalls, stream gages, trash racks, flap gates, tide gates, vaults, and headwalls.
Avian	Bird or bird-like.
Avoidance	Strategies for the planning, design, maintenance and operation of District facilities in order to provide water supply and flood control which refrains from causing significant adverse environmental impacts.
Bankfull elevation	The point where the normal channel meets the floodplain, the elevation at the top of the channel banks. When the channel is flowing full, the water surface is at floodplain level and the flow rate is the bankfull discharge.
Bank Protection	Bank protection involves any action by the District to stream banks that are eroding (repair) as well as preventative erosion protection. The District implements stream bank protection when the problem (1) causes or could cause significant damage to a property or adjacent property, (2) is a public safety concern, (3) negatively affects transportation or recreational use, (4) negatively affects water quality, or (5) negatively affects riparian habitat. Bank protection stabilizes a channel bank using rock, rip rap, concrete, soft materials, vegetation, or a combination of materials or methods. Bank protection can also include preventative maintenance to ensure that banks do not erode in the future. This new work is considered routine maintenance because it is either restoring the flood control function of a modified channel or it is repairing a natural bank to its approximate condition prior to becoming an erosion problem.
Bank Repair	Maintenance of existing bank protection structures with in-kind, in-place materials. This type of maintenance occurs when such structures fail.
Basin	For the purposes of the Stream Maintenance Program, a depression or valley that drains to a common waterbody. In Santa Clara County, there are two major hydrologic basins draining either into the San Francisco Bay or to the Monterey Bay. In the northern portion of the County, streams of the Santa Clara Basin drain to the San Francisco Bay. To the south, streams in the Pajaro River Basin drain ultimately to Monterey Bay.
Bedload	Material moving on or within a few particle diameters above the streambed, rolling or sliding, but not carried in the water column itself. Generally moves more slowly than the streamflow itself. Compare with Suspended Sediment. Bedload does not mean the rate of discharge of bed material, see Bedload Discharge.
Bedload Discharge	The rate of bedload transport; the quantity of bedload passing a point on the channel in a unit of time.
Best Management Practice (BMP)	An activity, procedure, or other standard management and work practice that provides the most effective means of preventing or reducing pollution or other negative environmental consequences.
Biotechnical	A method of bank protection emphasizing the incorporation of soft structures (e.g., vegetation). See "Soft Structures."
Biotechnical Channel	A natural or artificial waterway that periodically or continuously contains moving water, or which forms a connecting link between two bodies of water.
Brackish water	Water that is a mixture of freshwater and saltwater, with a salinity less than seawater.
Bypass Channel	A flood control facility through which a portion of a stream's flow is diverted from one point and reintroduced into the stream at the downstream end of the bypass channel. Bypass channels can be used during the construction or maintenance process. Permanent bypass channels can also be designed to accommodate flood flows.
Bypass Structures	On construction sites, a generic term for any type of structure(s) used to pond water and convey it around a work site (e.g., cofferdams, bypass pipes, channels).
California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA)	The California Environmental Quality Act, is California Public Resources Code Sections 21000 et seq. CEQA establishes a duty for public agencies to avoid or minimize environmental damage where feasible, recognizing that a public agency has an obligation to balance a variety of public objectives, including economic, environmental, and social factors. CEQA is intended to facilitate the disclosure of the significant environmental effects of proposed activities to decision-makers and the public, the identification of ways to avoid or reduce environmental damage, and the prevention of environmental damage by requiring the implementation of feasible alternatives or mitigation measures.
Channel Erosion	Includes the processes of streambank erosion, streambed scour, and degradation.
Channel Stabilization	See "Bank Protection."
Clean Water Act	A broad federal statute with the goal of maintaining and restoring waters of the U.S. (See "Waters of the United States").
Compensatory Mitigation	The restoration, creation, enhancement or preservation of wetlands and other resources expressly for the purpose of compensating for unavoidable adverse impacts which remain after all appropriate and practicable avoidance and minimization of impacts have been achieved in compliance with law or requirements of regulatory agencies. (Ref. Federal Register March 6, 1995, Federal Guidance for the Establishment, Use and Operation of Mitigation Banks). In the Stream Maintenance Program, compensatory mitigation is mitigation that is to be provided by the District to offset significant residual impacts that cannot be avoided.
Confluence	A meeting of two or more streams or rivers.
Culvert	Any covered structure not classified as a bridge which conveys a waterway under a road or other paved area.
D/S	Abbreviation for "downstream of".
Debris basin	A depression formed by the construction of a barrier or dam built at a suitable location to retain rock, sediment, plant material and the like which can be conveyed along steep hillside streams during high flows. Usually placed in hillside areas (see also Sediment Basin) .
Degradation	Process of a channel lowering its elevation through increased erosion, channel bed scour, or down-cutting. A type of fluvial geomorphic instability; see Aggradation.
Depauperate
Design Capacity	An engineering term used to describe the amount of water that a modified channel was designed to convey. Generally, the design capacity for improved District facilities is to accommodate the 1 percent or 100-year flood. This is the level of protection. Capacity is in CFS or Q. See "Flood Capacity."
Design Flood	The maximum calculated discharge intended to be conveyed in the design of a Capacity constructed channel. The maximum level of flood protection used as a design criterion in the design of a constructed or improved channel or waterway.
Drop structure	A structure designed to convey flows over a vertical distance from a higher to a lower elevation.
Emergency	A situation is considered an "emergency" if it is a sudden, unexpected occurrence involving a clear and imminent danger that demands immediate action to prevent or mitigate loss of or damage to life, health, property, or essential public services (Public Resource Code Section 21060.3). Emergency repair or activities associated with an emergency are not addressed by the Stream Maintenance Program. Most emergency projects are exempt from review pursuant to the CEQA (Ref. Public Resource Code Section 21080(b)(2), (3), (4)).
Environmental Impact Report (EIR)	A detailed statement prepared under CEQA describing and analyzing the significant environmental impacts of a project and discussing ways to mitigate or avoid the effects. See also "Program Environmental Impact Report."
Ephemeral	Creek that dries up in summer. Same as "Intermittant".
Erosion	The detachment and movement of soil and rock fragments by water and other geological agents which results in the wearing away of the land. When water is the eroding agent, erosional processes include sheet and rill erosion, gully erosion, and channel erosion.
FEMA	Federal Emergency Management Agency. Has authority over federal flood insurance program and publishes the 100-year flood map.
Fish ladders	Artificial, stepped pools to enable fish traveling upstream, against the flow of water, to span a large vertical distance in a series of gradual steps. Used at dams or other in-stream barriers.
Flood Capacity	The capacity of a channel to carry calculated flood flows. Capacity is dependent on cross-sectional area and frictional components (e.g., channel vegetation).
Flood Control Facility	For the purposes of the Stream Maintenance Program, any watercourse, whether natural or man-made, in which water does or may flow and which is under ownership or controlled by the District for flood control purposes. A watercourse over which the District is deemed to have control or jurisdiction is that portion of the watercourse where the tributary watershed areas upstream of such reach or portion is in excess of 320 acres (½ square mile).
Flood Control Project	A project that affects the flood conveyance capacity or flood management behavior of the system, usually designed to reduce flooding hazards. These projects are not considered routine stream maintenance.
Fluvial	Pertaining to rivers.
Gabion Basket or Mattress	Galvanized wire mesh panels filled with rock used for structural purposes. They can be connected together and used for retaining walls, revetments or bank protection.
Geomorphic	The study of the forms of the earth's surface and the processes which shape /Geomorphology them. Fluvial geomorphology involves the study of streams and sediment processes: transport, erosion, storage and deposition.
Gradeall	A multipurpose mobile excavation machine with a reach of 35 feet.
Habitat Conservation Plan (HCP)	Plans under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) negotiated between the federal government and private landowners or state and local governments. These plans are designed to allow landowners to receive a federal permit to unintentionally harm listed species in the course of completing projects. In exchange for a permit, landowners agree to pursue specific management protections for endangered and threatened species.
Habitat	The specific area or environment in which a particular type of plant or animal lives. To be complete, an organism's habitat must provide all of the basic requirements of life for that organism.
Hardscape	Concrete, rock, gabions, or other permanent, hard surface channel treatment. See Softscape.
Hard Structures	A type of bank protection structure incorporating rock, rip rap, sack concrete, gabion baskets and mattresses, or concrete. These structures are inert and rigid.
Headwaters	The minor drainages in the extreme upper watershed, beyond the limit of District jurisdiction (drainage area of less than 320 acres).
Herbicides	A chemical agent used to destroy or inhibit plant growth.
Hydraulic	Of or pertaining to the scientific or technical study of the static and dynamic behavior of fluids. Fluvial hydraulics is an engineering discipline geared toward the physics of water flow in channels--its volume, velocity and elevation, in space and time. Hydraulic analysis is typically used to determine discharge capacity and to assess the effects of channel vegetation on channel capacity.
Hydrologic Basin	For the purposes of the Stream Maintenance Program, a depression or valley that drains to a common waterbody. In Santa Clara County, there are two major hydrologic basins draining either into the San Francisco Bay or to the Monterey Bay. In the northern portion of the County, streams of the Santa Clara Basin drain to the San Francisco Bay. To the south, streams in the Pajaro River Basin drain ultimately to Monterey Bay. Each basin is comprised of several watersheds.
Hydroseed	A process for revegetation of large areas. Plant seed, fertilizer, straw mulch, a binding agent and green dye are mixed in a truck-mounted tank and sprayed through a hose onto the bare ground.
Impact	See "Significant Environmental Impact."
Implementation Measure	An implementation measure is an action, procedure, program or technique that carries out policy. Implementation measures provide specific guidance to District managers and staff in the environmental review and processing of individual routine stream maintenance projects.
Inlet	An arrangement for conveying surface water into an underdrain, pipe, culvert, or channel.
Invasive Species	A subcategory of non-native plants that aggressively invade natural plant communities and displace native plants or less aggressive weedy plants. Examples of invasive species in Santa Clara County wetland and riparian areas are broad-leaf peppergrass (Lepidium latifolium) and giant reed (Arundo donax).
Invert	The lowest point of the internal cross-section of a pipe, culvert or channel; the elevation of the bottom of the channel.
Large Construction Project	For the purposes of the Stream Maintenance Program, large flood control construction projects affect the flood conveyance capacity of the stream. These projects are usually Capital Improvement Projects (CIPs) and are not considered routine stream maintenance.
Levee	An embankment constructed to prevent a river or stream from flooding adjacent lands.
Listed Sensitive Species	See "Listed Species."
Listed Species	A species that is formally designated as endangered or threatened by the state or Federal ESAs.
Long-Term Permit	This is a nonspecific phrase for permits, authorizations or memorandums of understanding from the United States Army Corps of Engineers, Regional Water Quality Control Boards, the State Water Resources Control Board, Bay Conservation and Development Commission and the Department of Fish and Game that are for a specified period of time (e.g., five or 10 years) or indefinite.
Lower Watershed	Generally, the watershed below reservoirs, including the main channel and outlet to the Bay.
Maintenance Guidelines	Engineering standards developed for each District flood control facility that will give guidance on maintenance requirements for flood control capacity. The guidelines may include design information, historical information or special requirements for a reach of channel.
MHHW	Mean Higher High Water. The average height of the higher of the two high tides in the San Francisco Bay.
MHW	Mean High Water. In San Francisco Bay, there are two high tides each day, usually with different elevations. Mean High Water is defined as the average height of both of these two tides.
Mitigation	The term "mitigation" includes the following: (1) Avoiding environmental impacts by not taking a certain action or parts of an action; (2) Minimizing environmental impacts by limiting the degree or magnitude of the action and its implementation; (3) Rectifying the impact by repairing, rehabilitating or restoring the impacted environment; (4) Reducing or eliminating the impact over time by preservation and maintenance operations during the life of an action; and (5) Compensating for the environmental impact by replacing or providing substitute resources or environments (Ref. CEQA Guidelines, CCR Title 13 Chapter 3, Section 15370). The policies, implementation measures and BMPs included in the Stream Maintenance Program have been designed to "mitigate" environmental impacts. It should be noted that different regulatory agencies have different definitions of the term mitigation. For example, the Regional Water Quality Control Board only considers mitigation as the compensation that is provided after impacts have been avoided or minimized to the greatest extent possible. This mitigation is provided to offset significant residual impacts that cannot be avoided. In the Stream Maintenance Program, this type of mitigation is considered "Compensatory Mitigation."
Modified Channel	A waterway in which engineered alterations have occurred to improve the passage of flood flows or to provide drainage. This includes straightening (or channelization), containing a watercourse within constructed banks or levees, or lining banks with concrete, rip rap, gabions or sack concrete.
Modified Natural Channel	A watercourse which has had improvements such as bank protection (e.g., gabions, rip rap, other revetments), and selected areas of historical channelization (e.g., widening, straightening) and/or other capacity or passage improvements.
Natural Channel	A watercourse without any significant improvements or modifications and very little evidence of historical alterations.
Non-native Plant	A plant species which, under natural conditions, does not originate within the ecosystem in which it is found.
Non-native Vegetation	Any vegetation which, under natural conditions, does not originate within the ecosystem in which it is found.
Policy	Policies guide decision-making, both for individual stream maintenance projects and the implementation of other related programs and projects. Policies are commitments made by the District.
Ordinary High Water	In non-tidal areas, the highest level of water in a channel reached by commonly experienced flows. Defines the limit of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers jurisdiction in the San Francisco Bay Area as the water level reached by flood flows with a predicted recurrence interval of 2.33 years.
Outfall Structure	The end of a pipe or culvert that delivers local drainage into a creek. Features associated with an outfall structure may include erosion control materials such as rip rap below the culvert or an energy dissipater. Further, a valve, such as a flap gate, may also be part of the outfall structure.
Palustrine	Marsh-like.
Pervious Hardscape	Hardscape such as rock riprap, gabions, and cellular soil confinement that is not a barrier to water infiltration and that may allow (limited) revegetation growth.
Program	A program is a series of actions that can be described at a general level of detail. Programs include agency plans, policies or regulatory programs.
Program Environmental Impact Report	A Program Environmental Impact Report (EIR) can be prepared for a series of actions that can be characterized as one large project or are more general policy or regulatory guidance documents. The CEQA allows the Program EIR to generally analyze the broad environmental effects of the program with the acknowledgment that project-specific review may be required for particular aspects of the program.
Protocols	An established set of ground rules or procedures governing routine stream maintenance activities.
Reach	The smallest subdivision of a drainage system consisting of a uniform length of channel or a discrete portion of a channel.
Recharge	The replenishment of groundwater aquifers by infiltration.
Regrowth	The growth of vegetation subsequent to disruptive activities such as sediment removal which originally removed all vegetation within the work or study area.
Repair	For the purposes of the Stream Maintenance Program, repair refers to maintenance of bank protection structures with in-kind, in-place materials. This type of maintenance occurs when such structures fail.
Residual Impact	Significant environmental impacts that cannot be avoided through the implementation of feasible site-specific measures. Significant residual impacts can be offset through a provision of compensatory mitigation.
Restoration	The reestablishment of the structure and function of ecosystems. Ecological restoration is the process of returning an ecosystem as closely as possible to pre-disturbance conditions and functions. Implicit in this definition is that ecosystems are naturally dynamic. It is therefore not possible to recreate a system exactly. The restoration process reestablishes the general structure, function, and dynamic but self-sustaining behavior of the ecosystem.
Revetment	A term used to describe any number of hard structures used in bank protection.
Riparian	Located along the edge of a channel, generally on the floodplain. Characterized by access to and influence of the channel, but not in it.
Riparian Corridors	Refers to a biological zone dominated by riparian vegetation immediately next to a channel. See "Riparian Vegetation."
Riparian Vegetation (or Habitat)	A collective term for plants that are associated with streams or rivers.
Rip rap	Loose rock or concrete of varying size, typically brought to a site. Used to protect channel banks from scouring forces.
Riverine	Of, related to or growing in rivers and streams.
Rootwad	A tree stump (dead or alive) with roots. Used in place of hard structures.
Routine Stream Maintenance	Routine stream maintenance includes three major activities, as follows: (1) sediment removal activities that are designed to restore the flood capacity of existing District channels or associated features (e.g., tide gates), (2) vegetation management in and around the District's channels, including removal of vegetation for access and fire control, and (3) bank protection activities necessary to protect District or other facilities. Routine stream maintenance also includes more minor maintenance activities, such as trash removal; fence work; access road maintenance; repair of structures with in-kind materials within the same footprint (such as replacement of concrete linings, culverts, pipes, valves or similar structures); cleaning and minor sediment removal at stream gages, outfalls, flap gates, tide gates and fish ladders; graffiti removal; tree pruning; ongoing maintenance of mitigation sites; mowing, discing and herbicide application in upland areas; removal of downed trees and blockages from streams; and ground squirrel and rodent control.
Routine Stream Maintenance Program	See "Stream Maintenance Program."
Routine Stream Maintenance Project	For the purposes of the Stream Maintenance Program, a project is the whole of a routine stream maintenance action that is proposed for implementation through the Stream Maintenance Program. A project has a specific location, duration and purpose. (An example of an individual project would be the removal of 3,000 cubic yards of sediment from Adobe Creek between Highway 101 and East Charleston Road). Major construction and repair, including CIPs, are not defined as routine stream maintenance projects. In the Stream Maintenance Program, also referred to as "individual stream maintenance project," "individual project," "stream maintenance project" and "project."
Ruderal	Vegetation containing mostly introduced, weedy herbaceous species. Common in disturbed areas, along roadsides or vacant lots.
Runoff (surface)	The flow of water across the land surface and in stream channels. Occurs only after the local storage capacity of the landscape has been exceeded and includes both overland flow and streamflow.
Scour	The clearing and digging action of flowing air or water, especially the downward erosion caused by stream water in removing material (e.g., soil, rocks) from a channel bed or bank or around in-channel structures.
Section 404	Refers to a section of the Clean Water Act establishing a permit program for the discharge of dredged or fill materials into Waters of the United States.
Sediment	Particles derived from rocks or biological materials that have been transported by a fluid, or solid material suspended in or settled from water.
Sediment Basin	A depression formed by the construction of a barrier or dam built at a suitable location to retain rock, sand, gravel, silt or other material.
Sediment Load	The sediment that is in transport. Load is a general term that refers to material in suspension and/or transport. It is not synonymous with discharge.
Sediment Removal	The act of removing sediment deposited within a stream. Typically, sediment is removed when it reduces capacity. This is the sediment removal activity referred to most often in the Stream Maintenance Program, and included in the program-level impact analysis. There is a subset of sediment removal that is conducted for purposes of allowing appurtenant structures (stream gages, outfalls, diversion sills, flap gates, and tide gates) to continue functioning, and to clear fish passage and access to fish ladders and weirs. This latter category of sediment removal is considered low impact, as described in Chapter 3 of the Stream Maintenance Program.
Sensitive Habitat	A catchall phrase for habitats which either support sensitive species (listed species, species proposed for listing, and species of special concern) or are designated as a sensitive natural community in local or regional plans, policies, regulations or by the CDFG or the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.
Sensitive Species	A catchall phrase for listed (i.e., on a state or federal endangered species list) species, species proposed for listing and species of special concern (other species that may be of concern to state or federal agencies).
Shaded Riverine Aquatic Habitat (SRA)	The aquatic area occurring along the edge of a channel where the adjacent bank is composed of natural materials and supports riparian vegetation that overhangs or protrudes into the water and provides fish habitat.
Shear Stress	The force tending to cause deformation of a material by slippage along a plane or planes parallel to the imposed stress.
Significant Environmental Impact	A significant environmental impact is a substantial, or potentially substantial, adverse change in any of the physical conditions within the area affected by a project, including land, air, water, minerals, flora, fauna, ambient noise, and objects of historic or aesthetic significance (Ref. CEQA Guidelines, CCR Title 13 Chapter 3, sections 15358 and 15382).
Softscape	Earth channel, either natural or modified, or earth levees.
Soft Structures	A type of bank protection structure incorporating biological materials like seeds, plants, plant parts (e.g., root wads), or combination of vegetation and inert materials (e.g., brush mats/sills, wattles, fascines, or branch packing/layering).
Sphere of Influence (SOI)	A formally designated area of unincorporated land adjoining a city that is considered to be in the city's (jurisdiction) sphere of influence for land planning, based on geographic, economic and social factors. The SOI is set by the State Local Agency Formation Commission (LAFCo) for each county.
Spreader Dam	Gravel berm placed across the channel to retain water in reaches of high channel permeability to improve ground water recharge.
Station	Station is a standard channel location system used by the SCVWD that gives the distance from the downstream limit of jurisdiction (usually San Francisco Bay), or, for a tributary creek, from where it branches off of the main channel. Distance is measured in feet, with each "station" representing 100 feet. For example, station 43+56 would be a point 4,356 feet upstream from the mouth of the channel.
Stakeholder	A stakeholder is an individual or organization who will be affected by or has an interest in the Stream Maintenance Program. Stakeholders include regulatory agency representatives, municipalities, and environmental and business groups.
Stream	For the purposes of the Stream Maintenance Program, "streams" are defined as the natural watercourses and modified channels and canals within the District's jurisdiction. In this Program, streams include both the waterway and its immediate geographical corridor, including riparian corridors.
Stream Bank Protection	See "Bank Protection."
Stream Bank Repair	See "Bank Repair."
Stream Maintenance Guidelines	See "Maintenance Guidelines."
Stream Maintenance Program	The Stream Maintenance Program will provide long-term guidance to the District to effectively implement routine stream maintenance projects in a cost-effective and environmentally sensitive manner. The Stream Maintenance Program is to be codified in a process and policy document that can be adopted by the District and utilized in obtaining long-term permits from regulatory agencies. The Stream Maintenance Program includes specific measures, protocols, and monitoring and reporting requirements to ensure that routine stream maintenance projects are implemented in an effective, cost-sensitive and environmentally sensitive manner.
Stream Maintenance Program Work Area	The stream maintenance work area addressed by this Program includes streams and any adjacent property that the District owns or holds an easement for access and maintenance. The District does not provide maintenance on private property when no easement exists. Other than leveed creeks (which can require a wider maintenance easement), the maintenance work area is within approximately 20 feet of the top of bank when access is provided, and can be substantially less when access is not provided. The maintenance work area is typically less than the District's permitting jurisdiction, which is within 50 feet of the top of bank of the streams within the District's jurisdiction.
Stream Maintenance Project	See "Routine Stream Maintenance Project."
Streambed	The part of a stream over which a column of water moves.
Study Area	The area within the District that is subject to routine maintenance. This area contains 522.8 miles of creek channels.
Surfactants	A shorthand term for surface-active agent, which are chemicals that modify surfaces of two liquids or a liquid and a solid. Used to increase the retention and penetration of herbicides on and into plants.
Suspended Sediment	Fine particles suspended in the water column and carried along with the water at the velocity of flow. Compare with Bedload..
Take (of a Listed Species)	To harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture or collect a listed species or its habitat, or to attempt to engage in any such activity.
Thalweg	Main channel in the creek.
Turbidity	The pollution of water by dissolved or suspended solids. The cloudiness of water, caused by suspended sediment. Turbidity is measured by the degree to which light penetration is blocked because the water is muddy or cloudy.
U/S	Abbreviation for "upstream of"
Unavoidable Impact	An unavoidable impact would occur if specific economic, social, legal, technical, or other considerations make mitigation measures or alternatives for an identified impact of a project infeasible. To support its decision on a project for which an EIR was prepared, a Lead Agency must prepare written findings that either: (1) changes in the project have been base to avoid or substantially reduce the magnitude of a significant impact, (2) changes to the project are within another agency's jurisdiction and have been or should be adopted, (3) specific economic, social, legal, technical, or other considerations make mitigation measures or alternatives infeasible (Ref. CEQA Guidelines Section 15091).
Unrevetted	Without revettment, i.e. a bare slope or channel side without hardscape protection.
Upper Watershed	Generally, the steeper portion of a watershed, above reservoirs and above urban areas
Vegetation Management	Removal of vegetation in and adjacent to creeks to maintain the ability of channels to function as flood control facilities. In addition, vegetation is removed to meet local fire code requirements and to reduce combustible weeds and grasses on property adjacent to the streams within the District's jurisdiction. The control of invasive non-native vegetation is another purpose for which the District undertakes vegetation control. Vegetation management can be accomplished through mowing, discing, hand clearing or herbicide applications (depending on the environmental conditions of the site).
Vegetation Removal	See "Vegetation Management."
Waste Discharge Requirement	A legal mechanism of the state and regional Water Quality Control Boards to regulate discharges of dredge or fill materials.
Waters of the United States	Briefly, Waters of the United States are tidal waters, all interstate waters including wetlands, and all other waters which could involve interstate or foreign commerce.
Watershed	Entire area that drains to a common stream, synonymous with drainage area. A ridge or drainage divide separates a watershed from adjacent watersheds.
Wetlands	Those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or groundwater at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetland is characterized by having the appropriate plant species (dependant on or capable of surviving root saturation), the appropriate hydrology (predictable saturation), and soils reflecting saturation and periodic anaerobic conditions.

B. PERSONAL COMMUNICATION

Batha, Bob, Bay Conservation and Development Commission

Hosea, Bob, California Dept. of Fish and Game, Pesticides Investigations Unit.

Mandlekar, Uday, SCVWD

Rottenborn, Steve, ornithologist (formerly with Center for Conservation Biology, Stanford University). 1996.

Shoe, Bill, Advance Planning, Santa Clara County

Whipp, Ron, SCVWD

C. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

The following bibliographic references are specifically related to the SCVWD Sediment Removal and Bank protection Routine Maintenance Program Environmental Impact Report. They are incorporated herein by reference and constitute an integral part of the Program EIR although not physically attached. The referenced documents may be viewed at or obtained from: Santa Clara Valley Water District, Environmental Branch, 5750 Almaden Expressway, San Jose, CA 95118-3686, Attention: Cindy Roessler, 408-265-2607 extension 2765.

San Francisco Bay Area Joint Aquatic Residential Permit Application, Multi-year Stream Maintenance Program, Santa Clara Valley Water District, San Jose, California. February 14, 2001.

D. GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY

The following bibliographic references are generally available in technical libraries or from publishers. Due to the specialized nature of many of the references, the SCVWD does not maintain a collection of all material listed here. Upon request, the SCVWD will assist readers in locating reference material, either at public sources, or from private collections of consultants. Copying charges may apply.

Anonymous. 1930. Wren-tit. Bulletin of the Santa Clara Valley Audubon Society 2(3):3.

Association of Bay Area Governments. 1995. Manual of Standards for Erosion and Sediment Control Measures. Second Edition.

Barlow, C. 1893. A paper on the Pileolated and Yellow Warblers. The Nidiologist 1:44-45.

Barnhart, R.A. 1986. Species profiles: Life histories and environmental requirements of coastal fishes and invertebrates (Pacific Southwest) - steelhead. U.S Fish and Wildlife Serv. Biol. Rep. 82(11,60): 21.

Basin Research Associates. 2001. Cultural Resources Section for Stream Maintenance Program EIR. San Leandro, CA.

Basin Research Associates. 1989. Site File Form for CA-SCL-166 update. MS on file, California Archaeological Site Inventory, Northwest Information Center, Rohnert Park.

Bean, L. J. and H. Lawton. 1976. Some Explanations for the Rise of Cultural Complexity in Native California with Comments on Proto-Agriculture and Agriculture, in Native Californians: A Theoretical Retrospective, edited by L.J. Bean and T.C. Blackburn. Ballena Press. Menlo Park, CA.

BioSystems. 1994. Life on the Edge: a guide to California's endangered natural resources. BioSystems

Books, Santa Cruz, CA.

Bocek, B. 1991. Site File Form for CA-SCL-715. MS on file, California Archaeological Site Inventory, Northwest Information Center, Rohnert Park.

Bocek, B. and E. Reese. 1992. Land Use History of Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve. Stanford University Research Report No. 8. On file at Stanford University, CA.

Brice, J. C. 1983. Planform Properties of Meandering Rivers, Meandering Rivers, Proceedings of the October 24-26, 1983 Rivers '83 conference, ASCE, New Orleans, Louisiana, pp. 1-15.

Busby, J.R., T.C. Wainright, G.J. Bryant, L.J. Lierheimer, R.S. Waples, F.W. Waknitz, and I.V. Largomarsino. 1996. Status Review of West Coast Steelhead from Washington, Idaho, Oregon, and California. National Marine Fisheries Services, Seattle, WA. NMFS-NWFSC -27.

California Department of Water Resources. 1967. Evaluation of Ground Water Resources, South Bay, Appendix A - Geology, California DWR Bulletin 118-1.

Campbell, City of. General Plan. Conservation and Natural Resources Element. 2000. Open Space Element. 2000.

Cartier, R. 1980. Early Cultures and Rock Features of the Santa Teresa Hills. On file at Archaeological Resource Management office.

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