E7: San Francisco Bay Shoreline Protection*

Economic Impact Area 11

Economic Impact Area (EIA) 11 includes the urban area of North San José, the community of Alviso and the San José-Santa Clara Regional Wastewater Facility. The 2012 Safe, Clean Water Program provided $15 million as a portion of Valley Water’s local share of funding for flood protection improvements in EIA 11. There are five reaches under EIA 11 (Phase I).  See map here.

Construction work on Reaches 1 through 3 began in December 2021 and is estimated to continue until Summer 2025. Reach 1 extends from Alviso Marina to Union Pacific Railroad and Reaches 2 and 3 stretch from the Union Pacific Railroad to Artesian Slough. Daily construction hours are 7 a.m. to 5:30 p.m., Monday through Friday, and on weekends if necessary, excluding holidays. Work to date has consisted primarily of removing water from the work area, removing the existing berm, and replacing it with a more suitable material foundation for the levee. Work crews have set up coffer dams and sheet pile wall systems to isolate the construction area from the surrounding pond areas. There will be no public access to trail users across the Pond A12, A13, A16 and A17 berms that are within the construction work area. See the fact sheet here. 

Design of Reaches 4 and 5, which extend from the Artesian Slough East to Coyote Creek, are on hold while construction phasing, access points, haul routes, staging, and easements are being addressed with the property owner.  USACE and the non-federal partners are looking for alternative measures that meet project objectives and reduce construction costs.  Before being put on hold, 60% levee design plans and specifications were completed in October 2020.

A multi-agency partnership

The Shoreline Project is a strongly supported project as evidenced by the signing of the USACE Chief's Report in December 2015, with a total Feasibility Study cost of $22 million, followed by its authorization for design and construction in the Water Infrastructure Improvements for the Nation Act in December 2016. 

The total project cost is $545 million to implement coastal flood risk management, ecosystem restoration, and recreational project elements. The project has received $124 million under the USACE 2018 Disaster Supplemental Appropriations Bill. California State Coastal Conservancy’s (Conservancy) and Valley Water’s total local cost share of the project is $400 million. Valley Water’s local cost share is $298 million and the Conservancy’s local cost share is $102 million. Valley Water has secured $15 million from the 2012 Safe, Clean Water program and $61 million from the San Francisco Bay Restoration Authority’s Measure AA program. Remaining share of Valley Water funds will be from the Watershed Stream Stewardship Fund and Senate Bill 881 will allow Valley Water to be eligible for reimbursement from the Department of Water Resources (DWR) State Subventions Program pending DWR funding availability. Future federal appropriations of $17 million will be required for restoration monitoring.

For significant EIA 11 project milestones reached, click here.

Economic Impact Areas 1-10

Economic Impact Area (EIAs) 1-10 include the shoreline areas located between San Francisquito Creek in Palo Alto and the Lower Guadalupe River in San José and includes the communities of Palo Alto, Mountain View, NASA, Sunnyvale, San José, and Santa Clara. The USACE in partnership with Valley Water, and the California State Coastal Conservancy (Conservancy) are using a phased approach by breaking up EIAs 1-10 into two separate studies. The South San Francisco Bay Shoreline Phase II Feasibility Study (Phase II Feasibility Study) focuses on EIAs 1-4, from San Francisquito Creek in Palo Alto to Permanente Creek in Mountain View. The Shoreline (Sunnyvale) Feasibility Study focuses on the remaining EIAs 5-10, from Permanente Creek in Mountain View to Guadalupe River in San José.  The Phase II Feasibility Study was initiated in September 2019, and the Shoreline (Sunnyvale) Feasibility Study was initiated in August 2023.

Current activities:

• USACE Phase II Feasibility Study (EIAs 1-4):  The USACE Economic Feasibility Analysis determined that the future economic damage from coastal flooding is not great enough to justify investing federal dollars in a project until approximately 2060. USACE is finalizing study documentation.  In addition, Valley Water is considering alternate means of working with local partners or USACE on smaller projects in the study area to address near-term coastal flooding.
• USACE Shoreline (Sunnyvale) Feasibility Study (EIAs 5-10): The USACE is developing the hydraulic model for the study area and gathering data from local stakeholders.
• EIA 10: Valley Water is working with the SBSPRP team to plan flood risk management efforts in EIA 10 (Calabazas/San Tomas Aquino Creek-Marsh Connection Project).

EIAs 1-10 Completed milestones:

• Valley Water’s Preliminary Feasibility Study: Began in June 2015 and was completed and finalized in March 2017. The preliminary study’s goal was to identify a preliminary 1% coastal flood risk management alignment with related benefits and costs for the EIAs 1-10 coastal area to aid in determining the Valley Water’s next study phase or phases and to identify potential study partnership opportunities. The preliminary alignment was identified and used to move forward with conducting the preliminary feasibility study analysis. The City of Palo Alto, City of Mountain View, City of Sunnyvale, City of San José, NASA Moffett Field, US Fish and Wildlife Service, State Coastal Conservancy and Mid-Peninsula Open Space Authority were all consulted in the identification of the preliminary alignment.
• USACE Phase II Feasibility Study (EIAs 1-4): On September 26, 2019, USACE, Valley Water, and State Coastal Conservancy signed the Feasibility Cost Share Agreement for the next study phase. A kickoff for the planning charette was held on October 9, 2019. The USACE held the Alternatives Milestone Meeting in January 2020. USACE leadership approved an exemption request to increase the feasibility study budget and extend the schedule on Sept. 29, 2021. The study was scheduled to be completed in 2025. The ecosystem restoration benefits model was approved and certified for regional use by the USACE Ecosystem Restoration National Planning Center of Expertise on November 5, 2021. A geotechnical investigation of the existing levee system around Palo Alto flood basin was completed in early November 2021. In October 2022, the USACE completed an Economic Feasibility Analysis that determined that the future economic damage from coastal flooding is not great enough to justify investing federal dollars in a project until approximately 2060.
• Sunnyvale Shoreline Resilience Vision: In 2019, Valley Water engaged the San Francisco Estuary Institute to develop a visioning document for the Sunnyvale shoreline area, called the Sunnyvale Shoreline Resilience Vision. The Vision group stakeholders include Valley Water, the City of Sunnyvale, Lockheed Martin, the Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District, NASA, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project, and Google. During the first phase of collaboration between 2019 and 2021, the Vision group successfully advanced preparatory actions for the future Shoreline Phase III Feasibility Study for the Moffett Airfield and Sunnyvale shoreline, including lobbying Congress for dedication of funds, increasing alignment between stakeholders, exploring synergies between individual planning efforts, and gathering data USACE will need for their analysis. An executive summary documenting the Vision group’s efforts was finalized in December 2021 and can be accessed here. 
• Shoreline (Sunnyvale) Feasibility Study (EIAs 5-10): The Shoreline (Sunnyvale)  Feasibility Study (previously known as Shoreline Phase III) received federal funding and the Feasibility Cost Share Agreement between Valley Water and USACE was signed and a kickoff meeting was held in August 2023.  The Conservancy signed on as a local sponsor via an amendment in October 2023. 

October 2023